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Category Archives: economics

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Utility-Scale Solar and Wind Development in Rural Areas: Land Cover Change (2009–20)

Biomass Rules Posted on June 26, 2024 by Mark JennerJune 26, 2024

Karen Maguire, Sophia J. Tanner, Justin B. Winikoff, and Ryan Williams USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2024 The following findings were reported in this interesting report. This study examines land cover surrounding rural solar and wind installation sites from 2009–20. … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, firm, policy | Tagged change, cropland, development, energy, footprint, installation, land cover, land in farms, pastureland, rural areas, solar, utility-scale, utility-scale solar and wind development in rural areas land cover change 2009–2020, wind | Leave a reply

Technology Describes Outputs as a Function of Inputs

Biomass Rules Posted on June 25, 2024 by Mark JennerJune 25, 2024

My career has been defined as y = f(x). Technology, and in this case, Outputs, y, are (created from,=,) a function of, f(), inputs, x.  In other words, how inputs are combined determines the technology.  Corn can be grown with … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, production, science | Tagged byproduct, CO2, function of inputs, naturally occurring inputs, non-traditional farm outputs, outputs, oxygen, photosynthesis, solar energy, Technology, technology describes outputs as a function of inputs, waste, y=f(x) | Leave a reply

The Producer (Farmer) Role is Transformative

Biomass Rules Posted on June 14, 2024 by Mark JennerJune 14, 2024

The previous post, The Price of Food Dominates Alternative Use Markets, sparked a desire to map out the farm-level activities into feed, fuel, and food.  This was an innocent effort and was not successful.  The transformations that occur on a … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, production, science | Tagged 2022 Census of Agriculture, acres, asset value, buildings, crop value, equipment, farmer, farms, feed, food, land, livestock value, NAICS, non-food, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), producer farmer role is transformative, producer role, transformative, y=f(x) | Leave a reply

The Price of Food Dominates Alternative Use Markets

Biomass Rules Posted on June 11, 2024 by Mark JennerJanuary 14, 2025

This chart was created in 2011 to illustrate the US. price of fuel relative to the US. price of food.  The debate back in those days was whether to produce food or fuel (food vs. fuel).  It was the politics … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, firm, macro | Tagged alternative use, drought and floods, energy, feed, food price, food vs. fuel, fuel, livestock, markets, Patrick Westhoff, price of food dominates alternative use markets, soybean meal, soybean oil, substitution, The Economics of Food, waste, wealth effect | Leave a reply

Time Value of Money in Business and Infrastructure Investment Differ by Function of Scale

Biomass Rules Posted on March 27, 2024 by Mark JennerApril 30, 2024

Outer space is now open for business.  On February 22, 2024, a private company space vehicle, Intuitive Machines landed on the Moon. The first manned U.S. lunar landing occurred in 1969 and was completely government funded.  The 1960s U.S. space … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, wealth creation | Tagged broad systems view, business, function of scale, infrastructure, investment, macroeconomic-public, microeconomics-private, narrow enterprise view, private, public, public-private partnership, space, time value of money, time value of money differs in business and infrastructure investments through function of scale, yes and | Leave a reply

The 2022 Farm Economy – A Snapshot in Time

Biomass Rules Posted on March 26, 2024 by Mark JennerApril 30, 2024

Fifty years ago, in 1974, the definition of a U.S. farm for the purposes of collecting data in the Census of Agriculture, was set at $1,000 of farm value of production. This includes gross sales or potential sales. The Ag … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, macro | Tagged $1000 of value of production, 1977 inflation of 6.7%, 2022 Census of Agriculture, 2022 farm economy - snapshot in time, 2022 inflation cyclical high, CPI Consumer Price Index, cyclical low, definition of a farm, farm, farm economy, inflation, non-census years, snapshot in time | Leave a reply

Agribusiness Markets Go Well Beyond Food

Biomass Rules Posted on March 26, 2024 by Mark JennerApril 27, 2024

In the old days, agribusiness referred to a business providing farm inputs.  This broadly impacted everything involving goods and services connected to agricultural commodities.  Commodities are the raw products from crops and livestock that cannot be differentiated on product quality.  … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, wealth creation | Tagged ag commodity, agribusiness, agribusiness markets, agribusiness markets go well beyond food, and non-food, beyond food, bioenergy, carbon, climate, environmental services, fiber, food, markets, value chain | Leave a reply

A Tale of Two Markets: Local and Global

Biomass Rules Posted on March 26, 2024 by Mark JennerApril 26, 2024

Local and global markets for ag and biomass products are two distinct markets that are interdependent. They are two parts of the same system.  It is a ‘both and’, rather than ‘one or the other.’ One of these unique markets … Continue reading →

Posted in Biomass Rules, economics, wealth creation | Tagged a tale of two markets, a tale of two markets - local and global, both and, ethanol premium for local corn, global, in the neighborhood, local, local and global, local as comparative advantage, markets, not one or the other, positive basis | Leave a reply

Bioenergy Success Depends on Local Markets that ‘Are in the Neighborhood’

Biomass Rules Posted on March 25, 2024 by Mark JennerDecember 12, 2024

Local markets are defined in more than one way which distracts from agreement on the value of local markets. In calculus, local maxima, are defined as a relative measure rather than an absolute boundary. No explicit boundary is defined. Local … Continue reading →

Posted in definition, policy, wealth creation | Tagged basis, bioenergy, bioenergy success depends on local markets that are in the neighborhood, buy local, cash, comparative advantage, demand, depends on local, futures, global, in the neighborhood, local, local maxima, relative, restricted demand, success, trade, undefined | Leave a reply

Discerning Agribusiness in the Macroeconomy

Biomass Rules Posted on March 21, 2024 by Mark JennerApril 25, 2024

The last seven years, Greenville University has been building a BS in Agribusiness, in their Briner School of Business. This has required a target market for arming agribusiness graduates, hungry for leadership in their formative careers. This chart from USDA, … Continue reading →

Posted in economics, macro | Tagged 5.4 percent of GDP, agribusiness, agriculture, discerning agribusiness, discerning agribusiness in the macroeconomy, Economic Research Service (ERS), final goods and services, gross domestic product (GDP), macroeconomy, plant-derived products, production sector, related industries, retail sector, reuse not included, straighter pathways, USDA, value-adding sector | Leave a reply

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Mark Jenner, PhD
Biomass Rules
Greenville, IL 62246
c. 618.223.9331
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Mission Statement:
Providing solutions through the strategic utilization of all kinds of biomass; the development of new markets for food, fiber, and fuels; and streamlining regulations.

bio·mass:
ˈbī-ō-ˌmas. noun. 1 : the unit area or volume of living matter, 2 : plant materials and animal waste used as renewable feedstocks into new processes.

rules:
'rül. 1: noun. 1 : regulations, bylaws or governing procedure, 2: verb. a : to exert control, direction, or influence on, b : to declare authoritatively.

Manure…
is not a four-letter word.

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